Muballigh JAI Sindang Barang, Isa Mujahid Islam Menerima SK dari Walikota Bogor Drs. H. Diani Budiarto, M.Si (foto: kotabogor.go.id)

Jumat (4/3/2011), sebelum Jumatan, Walikota Bogor, Drs. H. Diani Budiarto, M.Si mendatangi masjid Mubarak, yaitu masjid yang dikelola oleh Jemaat Ahmadiyah Sindangbarang.

Walikota disambut oleh Isa Mujahid Islam, Muballigh Sindangbarang dsk.  Ia datang ke sini untuk menyerahkan SK terkait dengan Ahmadiyah. Ini hanya untuk mengeliminir tindakan-tindakan dari organisasi-organisasi lain terhadap Ahmadiyah. Kedatangannya diikuti oleh Bambang Gunawan (Sekretaris Daerah), Kapolres Bogor, Dandim dan para bawahannya.

“Apa sih simbol-simbol Ahmadiyah?”, tanya Diani kepada Muballigh Ahmadiyah.

“Plang papan nama Jemaat Ahmadiyah sudah lama diturunkan, simbol-simbol Ahmadiyah sama dengan simbol-simbol Islam, yaitu bulan dan bintang,” Jawab Muballigh Jemaat Ahmadiyah mengutip dari gambar Bendera Ahmadiyah.

Kemudian Ketua Jemaat Sindang barang, H. A. M. Harris, M.M. menemui walikota. Harris yang dulu pernah menjadi Sekretaris daerah Kota Depok itu mengaku pernah akrab dengan Diani. Oleh karena itu dialog terjadi seperti kawan lama yang sedang bertemu.

Drs. H. Diani Budiarto, M.Si, Walikota Bogor (kiri) berkunjung ke Masjid Mubarak, Sindang Barang

Silaturahmi ini diliput oleh beberapa media. Sebelumnya Walikota bersilaturahmi berkunjung ke Jemaat Bogor yang berada di Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan no. 34 B, Bogor.

(Isi dari SK walikota terkait Ahmadiyah akan ditampilkan segera) []

Saya bersama rekan-rekan Khuddam mengikuti Diskusi Tematik ASEAN. Diskusi kali ini bertemakan “Pelanggaran HAM Masa Lalu dan Ancaman Kebebasan Sipil Politik”. Acara dimulai Kamis (3/2/2011) pukul 10.00 WIB dan berakhir pukul 13.30 WIB.

Beberapa Korban-korban HAM, Jurnalis,  dan [Narasumber dari] Aktivis HAM membahas masalah pelanggaran HAM masa lalu, serta peran HAM yang dibatasi oleh pemerintah.

Diskusi terjadi di Kantor Kontras, Jl. Borobudur No.14 Menteng, Jakarta Pusat 10320 (UT: -6.200362682342529, 106.84831237792969) dihadiri oleh 70-an jiwa.

Para Narasumber yang mengisi adalah Rafendi Djamin (ketua AICHR: komisi HAM Asean), Nurkholis (Wakil Ketua ketua Komisi Nasional), Indria Fernida (Kontras).

“Setahun ini, the ASEAN Inter-govermental Comission on Human Right (AICHR) sudah mengadakan 9 kali meeting, Namun, kewengangan AICHR masih terbatas. Masih butuh dukungan dari Pemerintah, Media, Organisasi-organisasi rakyat,” ungkap Rafendi Djamin.

sedangkan Nurkholis, SH, MA. memaparkan sekilas mengenai Komisi Nasional HAM yang ada dalam Kewajiban Negara dalam UU 39 Tahun 1999 Pasal 71 & 72, UU No. 26 Tahun 2000 & UU No. 40 tahun 2008.

“Lembaga yang paling banyak diadukan pada 2008-2010 adalah Kepolisian, Korporasi dan Pemerintah Daerah. Dan isu-isu penting pada tahun 2011 ini adalah Kebebasan Beragama, Kematian Jurnalis, Kejahatan Korporasi dan Migrasi, kekerasan Perempuan dan Anak,” jelas Nurkholis.

Bejo Untung, korban  65-66, menginginkan agar 3 juta jiwa yang terbunuh sia-sia oleh pemerintah yang lalu itu, SBY (atas nama pemerintah) meminta maaf kepada para korban. “Hidup Korban, Jangan diam!”

Dalam sesi tanya-jawab, Rafendi Djamin mengomentari mengenai permasalahan Ahmadiyah, “Tujuh Pebruari (2011) lalu, saya sudah menyampaikan, Jika Indonesia tidak bisa melindungi minoritas, maka Indonesia tidak berhak menampilkan mengenai kebebasan beragama kepada Internasional.”

“Yang saat ini kami lakukan adalah monitoring dan dokumentasi pernyataan pusat dan regional (yang mendeskriditkan Ahmadiyah). Sadar atau tidak sadar, hal itu akan menimbulkan Genosida, yaitu penghapusan satu kelompok dalam masyarakat, ” tambah Djamin.

Tujuan acara ini adalah (1) Memperkuat pemahaman dan mendekatkan korban & keluarga korban pada AICHR dan mekanisme yang melekat didalamnya, (2) Memperkuat usaha advokasi kasus pelanggaran HAM berat di level nasional, (3) Merisntis kerjasama yang baik antara AIHCR dengan komunitas korban dan keluarga korban pelanggaran HAM dan (4) Memperkuat peran komisioner AIHCR khususnya country representative dari Indonesia sebagai langkah awal memperkuat peran di kawasan regional ASEAN.

Dalam pertemuan kali ini, Para korban mendesak Komnas HAM dan Komisi HAM ASEAN agar tidak diam saja menyikapi kasus-kasus HAM masa lalu. []

(ilustrasi. foto: itrademarket.com)

Malam ini, 27/02/2011 saya bermimpi bertemu dengan Mukarom Tubagus Chandra Mubarak Syahid.

Dalam perjalanan panjang mimpiku malam itu, diakhiri dengan bertemunya saya dengan Mukarom Tubagus Chandra Mubarak Syahid. Keadaan beliau sangat bagus. Beliau memakai jaket coklat yang tebal dan training yang bagus sehingga dandanan beliau terlihat gagah. Beliau juga memakai sepatu yang bagus. Dalam mimpi itu, Mukarom Chandra Syahid mengajak saya berbicara:

“Sini, sini”, sambil menarik tangan kananku. Beliau seakan-akan ingin memberi sesuatu kepadaku.

Beliau tiba-tiba melihat sepatu saya dan membandingkan panjang sepatu beliau dengan sepatu saya dengan cara menjulurkan kaki beliau ke dekat sepatu saya. Setelah dibandingkan, beliau melihat bahwa sepatu saya lebih panjang [kira-kira] lima centimeter dari pada panjang sepatu beliau.

“Ya, sudah-sudah,” ungkap beliau setelah membandingkan sepatunya. Lalu beliau meninggalkan saya.

Semoga mimpi ini bertanda baik

• Rabu, 9/2/2011
  • “saya kok dianggap provokator oleh Polisi kami ke Cikeusik justeru mau mengurusi Muballigh #ahmadiyah yg ada ditahan & menjaga mesjid serta aset-aset jemaat. kami tdak menyangka akan ada penyerangan itu, kami tdk bawa apa-apa & tidak menyiapkan apa-apa”, ungkap Deden kepada Guntur Romli.
  • “Masa sih kami menantang dan memprovokasi? Dari sisi jumlah saja kami sudah kalah. Ketika saya sedang ngobrol dgn Kapolsek, kami diserang. Karena tiba-tiba diserang, kami melindungi diri dgn melawan, tidak ada tantangan & provokasi,” tambah Deden.
  • Deden Sujana yang kini berada di RS Pertamina, ia terlihat kuat, tenang, tdk tampak Depresi, masih bisa tersenyum, dan tentu saja ada raut sedih di mukanya.
  • Menurut penuturan Anggota Ahmadi yang menjenguk Di RS Serang. Para korban Cikeusik sejauh ini membaik, Tn. Beby mengalami patah rahang & infeksi pada kakinya karena di dalam jahitan lukanya masih ada lumpur di dalamnya. Ia juga mengalami patah rahang sehngga tidak dapat berbicara.
  • Tn. Masihuddin mengalami memar pada mata kanan, luka di kepala juga. Uang dan HP beliau diambl oleh para penganiaya tersebut.
  • Tn. Ferdiaz yang mengalami 40 bacokan di punggung & gegar otak ringan, kini sudah mulai membaik.
  • 12 anggota keluarga Suparman di Cikeusik dipindahkan ke Polres Pandeglang. 5 dewasa, 4 bocah, 3 bayi karena ada isu akan ada penyerangan lagi. Semuanya tak membawa apa-apa, kecuali pakaian yang dipakai sejak kemarin

Foto para Pemuda Ahmadi di depan Rumah Missi di Cikeusik sesaat sebelum Kejadian

5 Pebruari 2011, Mln. Ismail Suparman dan keluarga meminta bantuan pihak kepolisian agar dilindungi. Dirinya telah diancam dan diberi kabar bahwa akan ada penyerangan ke rumah Missi yang ia tempati bersama keluarganya.

Beberapa saudara-saudara ruhaninya pergi ke Desa Umbulan, Cikeusik, Pandeglang, Banten Selatan untuk menjenguk Mln. Suparman dan mempertahankan rumah missi milik Jemaat Muslim Ahmadiyah. Mereka sudah siap mental apapun yang terjadi.

Mereka memahami sabda yang Mulia Rasulullah saw bahwa mempertahankan harta benda dan jiwa raga adalah merupakan salah satu bagian Jihad yang hadiahnya adalah tunai, yaitu Surga.

Jadi tidak berdasar, jika dikatakan bahwa kedatangan para Ahmadi yang akan mempertahankan rumah missi itu yang memprovokasi massa untuk datang menyerbu. Massa berjumlah ribuan tidak bisa dikumpulkan dalam waktu singkat. Apalagi jelas para penyerang memakai pita biru maupun hijau sebagai tanda bahwa mereka terkoordinir secara professional.

Pagi, 6 Pebruari 2011, sampailah rombongan pemuda Ahmadi di Cikeusik sekitar 08.00 WIB. Awalnya, mereka bersantai, bercanda dan berfoto bersama. Datanglah sarapan pagi, langsung saja disambut dengan gembira.

Dalam keadaan santai itu, mereka dikejutkan dengan kedatangan aparat kepolisian yang jumlahnya cukup banyak. Itu terjadi pukul sembilan atau setengah sepuluh pagi. Anehnya, para polisi yang tadinya terlihat banyak, raib entah kemana. Mereka hanya sedikit bersisa. Pasukan Dalmas yang awalnya ada di Jalan sebelah Utara rumah missi, namun tiba-tiba berpindah di arah selatan rumah missi.

Pukul sepuluh pagi, massa yang sangat banyak itu tiba-tiba muncul dari arah Utara rumah missi, dimana pasukan Dalmas saat itu ada di sebelah Selatan Rumah missi. Maka mereka pun dengan leluasa menyerobot  aparat yang jumlahnya tidak sebanding.

Tiba-tiba mereka menyerang! Tidak ada mediasi terlebih dahulu! Seakan-akan mereka tidak punya mulut untuk berbicara. Terjadilah adu jotos antara Deden Sujana dengan salah seorang penyerang. Akibatnya, sang penyerang tadi roboh.

“Serang…!”, teriak salah seorang penyerang.

“keluar…!”, teriak Ferdiaz kepada teman-temannya yang ada di dalam rumah Missi. Maka keluarlah para Pemuda Ahmadi. Senjata tajam diacung-acungkan untuk menakut-nakuti para Ahmadi. Ternyata hal itu tidak berpengaruh sama sekali. Menyusul batu yang menghujani para Ahmadi. Mereka menangkis dengan alat-alat seadanya. Bahkan para pemuda Ahmadi berusaha menghalau penyerang dengan bambu-bambu yang berasal dari atap yang sudah dirusak massa.
Mereka terus menyerang dengan ganas….! seakan-akan para Ahmadi itu binatang buruan yang harus mati saat itu juga.

Para pemuda Ahmadi terdesak. Para penyerang tanpa ampun terus merusak rumah missi dan menyerang para pemuda Ahmadi. Hingga para Ahmadi terdesak mundur sampai ke dalam rumah missi.

Di bagian belakang rumah tersebut, Belasan penyerang mengeroyok Deden Sujana dengan berbagai senjata tajam. Sabetan parang ditangkis tangan pak Deden Sujana, sehingga tangannya hampir putus separuhnya. Pahanya pun terkena sabetan parang. Kontan Deden rebah ke tanah. Meski dirinya terjatuh, para penyerang dengan wajah beringas, mengayunkan bacokan-bacokan parang dan terus berusaha keras menusuk Deden.

Ferdias yang melihat hal itu, ia segera melindungi Deden dengan ditelungkupi. Diaz membisikkan kata kata lirih kepada Deden yang sedang dipeluknya di tanah, “Doa saja pak Deden, kita mati bersama”. Diaz pasrah, ia mengaduh menerima bacokan, akibatnya ia harus dijahit sebanyak 45 jahitan di punggungnya. Batu-batu besar juga selalu diarahkan ke kepalanya yang memakai helm. Beruntung, ia pun hanya mengalami gegar otak ringan. Ferdiaz masih ditakdirkan selamat. Ada seorang Ahmadi yang berperawakan tinggi besar yang mencegah para penyerang untuk terus menyiksanya. “Sudah..sudah.. dia sudah tidak berdaya!” Tak lama kemudian datanglah Dalmas yang mengangkutnya pergi untuk dievakuasi.

Di tempat lain, Beberapa Ahmadi dihajar dan terdengar rintihan yang menyayat hati. Karena banyaknya massa, para Ahmadi selangkah-demi selangkah mundur dengan tetap mempertahankan diri. Rumah missi yang targetnya dipertahankan, kini hancur lebur. Tidak hanya itu, Dua mobil habis dibakar. Satu mobil APV Silver milik Jemaat Ahmadiyah, dan satu mobil lagi milik Deden Sujana. Satu motor milik Mln. Abdur Rahim YHBM diseret layaknya sampah dan kemudian dibakar.

Beberapa pemuda Ahmadi bisa meloloskan diri dan beberapa lagi dibantai habis layaknya binatang. Anggota yang tidak melawan pun terus diserang hingga syahid!

Para Ahmadi yang sudah terkulai lemah, batu-batu terus dirajamkan kepadanya. Tidak hanya itu, pukulan kayu terus diarahkan massa tanpa ada belas kasihan. Massa yang melihat itu bahkan bertepuk tangan & bersorak sorai. Terlihat seorang Ahmadi sudah syahid namun, penyerang masih merasa belum puas, Kepala dan badan Syuhada itu terus dipukuli dengan tongkat dan dirajam dengan batu hingga bersuara.

Makam Syuhada di Gondrong-Kenanga, Tangerang. Kiri: Makam Syuhada Roni (Ahmadi Jakarta Utara) & Kanan: Makam Syuhada Tubagus Chandra Mubarak

Setelah tiga Ahmadi syahid ditempat, Massa masih belum terpuaskan dahaga akan darah. Para penyerang menghentikan aksi brutalnya setelah beberapa polisi & Dalmas datang menyelamatkan & mengevakuasi korban ke RSUD Malingping.

Massa terus menyisir para Ahmadi yang sempat meloloskan diri. Dari satu rumah persembunyian, Salah seorang korban melihat dengan mata kepala sendiri bahwa orang-orang yang telah menyerang dirinya, sambil pulang, massa sempat bersalaman dengan polisi yg ada disana sambil tersenyum-senyum. Kemudian ada juga saksi yang melihat, para penyerang keluar dari satu rumah dan terlihat telah dibagi-bagikan amplop berwarna coklat.

Selasa 8/2/2011 pukul 07.00 WIB dua syuhada diberangkatkan ke Gondrong-Kenanga untuk disemayamkan. Tubagus Chandra Mubarak & Roni Pasaroni kini tenang bersemayam di bumi Tangerang. Kedua syuhada itu di antar kepergiannya oleh 1500-an Ahmadi yang cinta sekaligus bangga kepada mereka.

Satu syuhada lagi, Warsono telah dibawa ke Cirebon untuk disemayamkan.

Rabu, 9/2/2011, Deden Sujana yang kini berada di RS Pertamina, ia terlihat kuat, tenang, tdk tampak Depresi, masih bisa tersenyum, dan tentu saja ada raut sedih di mukanya.

“saya kok dianggap provokator oleh Polisi kami ke Cikeusik justeru mau mengurusi Muballigh #ahmadiyah yg ada ditahan & menjaga mesjid serta aset-aset jemaat. kami tdak menyangka akan ada penyerangan itu, kami tdk bawa apa-apa & tidak menyiapkan apa-apa”, ungkap Deden kepada Guntur Romli.

“Masa sih kami menantang dan memprovokasi? Dari sisi jumlah saja kami sudah kalah. Ketika saya sedang ngobrol dgn Kapolsek, kami diserang. Karena tiba-tiba diserang, kami melindungi diri dgn melawan, tidak ada tantangan & provokasi,” tambah Deden.

Ferdiaz menuturkan dengan nada menyesal, “Kenapa saya masih hidup! Saya sering ikut yang kayak gini, di Cisalada, di Manislor, dll, tapi pulang selalu membawa nyawa. Ada apa dengan saya?”

========

Selamat jalan wahai para pejuang agama. Darahmu akan mengharumkan negeri; Mempercepat kesuksesan bagi Islam, dan segera membawa petaka bagi para kaum penganiaya.

Semoga para pejuang kita yang masih terluka, bisa segera diberikan kesehatan yang sempurna.

[peristiwa ini didapat dari para Saksi kejadian dan akan terus berkembang sesuai fakta. Saksi sementara tidak dimunculkan namanya]

1. pertama masuk ke menu phone masukin nomer  *#*#1472365#*#*
2. setting > parameter setting > addres > server type > 1x MPC
3. setting > parameter setting > start mode > hot start
4. setting > parameter setting > position mode > option 3
5. setting > fix request settings > session operation > Standalone
6. setting > fix request settings > server option > local
7. gpsone XTRA > xtra enable > enable

==== FROYO =====

1. GPS lock1.FROYO = *#*#3214789650#*#*
2. pilih Settings trus parameter settings terus pilih address server type diganti jadi 1x MPC3.
3. terus tekan tombol back,, pilih position mode option 3
4. terus agan back pilih fix request settings session operation ganti jadi standalone,,
5. terus pilih server option,, pilih yang local
6. terus back ke menu paling awal,, teken gpsOne XTRA pilih Xtra Enable klik Enable…
7. selesai…

sumber: www.android-indonesia.com

• sudo apt-get install hostapd
• sudo apt-get install libnl-dev
• sudo gedit /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

Masukkan script:
# ================================
##### hostapd configuration file ##############################################
# Empty lines and lines starting with # are ignored

# AP netdevice name (without ‘ap’ postfix, i.e., wlan0 uses wlan0ap for
# management frames); ath0 for madwifi
interface=wlan0

# In case of madwifi, atheros, and nl80211 driver interfaces, an additional
# configuration parameter, bridge, may be used to notify hostapd if the
# interface is included in a bridge. This parameter is not used with Host AP
# driver. If the bridge parameter is not set, the drivers will automatically
# figure out the bridge interface (assuming sysfs is enabled and mounted to
# /sys) and this parameter may not be needed.
#
# For nl80211, this parameter can be used to request the AP interface to be
# added to the bridge automatically (brctl may refuse to do this before hostapd
# has been started to change the interface mode). If needed, the bridge
# interface is also created.
#bridge=br0

# Driver interface type (hostap/wired/madwifi/test/none/nl80211/bsd);
# default: hostap). nl80211 is used with all Linux mac80211 drivers.
# Use driver=none if building hostapd as a standalone RADIUS server that does
# not control any wireless/wired driver.
# driver=hostap
driver=nl80211

# hostapd event logger configuration
#
# Two output method: syslog and stdout (only usable if not forking to
# background).
#
# Module bitfield (ORed bitfield of modules that will be logged; -1 = all
# modules):
# bit 0 (1) = IEEE 802.11
# bit 1 (2) = IEEE 802.1X
# bit 2 (4) = RADIUS
# bit 3 (8) = WPA
# bit 4 (16) = driver interface
# bit 5 (32) = IAPP
# bit 6 (64) = MLME
#
# Levels (minimum value for logged events):
# 0 = verbose debugging
# 1 = debugging
# 2 = informational messages
# 3 = notification
# 4 = warning
#
logger_syslog=-1
logger_syslog_level=2
logger_stdout=-1
logger_stdout_level=2

# Dump file for state information (on SIGUSR1)
dump_file=/tmp/hostapd.dump

# Interface for separate control program. If this is specified, hostapd
# will create this directory and a UNIX domain socket for listening to requests
# from external programs (CLI/GUI, etc.) for status information and
# configuration. The socket file will be named based on the interface name, so
# multiple hostapd processes/interfaces can be run at the same time if more
# than one interface is used.
# /var/run/hostapd is the recommended directory for sockets and by default,
# hostapd_cli will use it when trying to connect with hostapd.
ctrl_interface=/var/run/hostapd

# Access control for the control interface can be configured by setting the
# directory to allow only members of a group to use sockets. This way, it is
# possible to run hostapd as root (since it needs to change network
# configuration and open raw sockets) and still allow GUI/CLI components to be
# run as non-root users. However, since the control interface can be used to
# change the network configuration, this access needs to be protected in many
# cases. By default, hostapd is configured to use gid 0 (root). If you
# want to allow non-root users to use the contron interface, add a new group
# and change this value to match with that group. Add users that should have
# control interface access to this group.
#
# This variable can be a group name or gid.
#ctrl_interface_group=wheel
ctrl_interface_group=0

##### IEEE 802.11 related configuration #######################################

# SSID to be used in IEEE 802.11 management frames
ssid=test

# Country code (ISO/IEC 3166-1). Used to set regulatory domain.
# Set as needed to indicate country in which device is operating.
# This can limit available channels and transmit power.
#country_code=US

# Enable IEEE 802.11d. This advertises the country_code and the set of allowed
# channels and transmit power levels based on the regulatory limits. The
# country_code setting must be configured with the correct country for
# IEEE 802.11d functions.
# (default: 0 = disabled)
#ieee80211d=1

# Operation mode (a = IEEE 802.11a, b = IEEE 802.11b, g = IEEE 802.11g,
# Default: IEEE 802.11b
hw_mode=g

# Channel number (IEEE 802.11)
# (default: 0, i.e., not set)
# Please note that some drivers (e.g., madwifi) do not use this value from
# hostapd and the channel will need to be configuration separately with
# iwconfig.
channel=1

# Beacon interval in kus (1.024 ms) (default: 100; range 15..65535)
beacon_int=100

# DTIM (delivery trafic information message) period (range 1..255):
# number of beacons between DTIMs (1 = every beacon includes DTIM element)
# (default: 2)
dtim_period=2

# Maximum number of stations allowed in station table. New stations will be
# rejected after the station table is full. IEEE 802.11 has a limit of 2007
# different association IDs, so this number should not be larger than that.
# (default: 2007)
max_num_sta=255

# RTS/CTS threshold; 2347 = disabled (default); range 0..2347
# If this field is not included in hostapd.conf, hostapd will not control
# RTS threshold and ‘iwconfig wlan# rts <val>’ can be used to set it.
rts_threshold=2347

# Fragmentation threshold; 2346 = disabled (default); range 256..2346
# If this field is not included in hostapd.conf, hostapd will not control
# fragmentation threshold and ‘iwconfig wlan# frag <val>’ can be used to set
# it.
fragm_threshold=2346

# Rate configuration
# Default is to enable all rates supported by the hardware. This configuration
# item allows this list be filtered so that only the listed rates will be left
# in the list. If the list is empty, all rates are used. This list can have
# entries that are not in the list of rates the hardware supports (such entries
# are ignored). The entries in this list are in 100 kbps, i.e., 11 Mbps = 110.
# If this item is present, at least one rate have to be matching with the rates
# hardware supports.
# default: use the most common supported rate setting for the selected
# hw_mode (i.e., this line can be removed from configuration file in most
# cases)
#supported_rates=10 20 55 110 60 90 120 180 240 360 480 540

# Basic rate set configuration
# List of rates (in 100 kbps) that are included in the basic rate set.
# If this item is not included, usually reasonable default set is used.
#basic_rates=10 20
#basic_rates=10 20 55 110
#basic_rates=60 120 240

# Short Preamble
# This parameter can be used to enable optional use of short preamble for
# frames sent at 2 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps, and 11 Mbps to improve network performance.
# This applies only to IEEE 802.11b-compatible networks and this should only be
# enabled if the local hardware supports use of short preamble. If any of the
# associated STAs do not support short preamble, use of short preamble will be
# disabled (and enabled when such STAs disassociate) dynamically.
# 0 = do not allow use of short preamble (default)
# 1 = allow use of short preamble
#preamble=1

# Station MAC address -based authentication
# Please note that this kind of access control requires a driver that uses
# hostapd to take care of management frame processing and as such, this can be
# used with driver=hostap or driver=nl80211, but not with driver=madwifi.
# 0 = accept unless in deny list
# 1 = deny unless in accept list
# 2 = use external RADIUS server (accept/deny lists are searched first)
macaddr_acl=0

# Accept/deny lists are read from separate files (containing list of
# MAC addresses, one per line). Use absolute path name to make sure that the
# files can be read on SIGHUP configuration reloads.
#accept_mac_file=/etc/hostapd.accept
#deny_mac_file=/etc/hostapd.deny

# IEEE 802.11 specifies two authentication algorithms. hostapd can be
# configured to allow both of these or only one. Open system authentication
# should be used with IEEE 802.1X.
# Bit fields of allowed authentication algorithms:
# bit 0 = Open System Authentication
# bit 1 = Shared Key Authentication (requires WEP)
auth_algs=3

# Send empty SSID in beacons and ignore probe request frames that do not
# specify full SSID, i.e., require stations to know SSID.
# default: disabled (0)
# 1 = send empty (length=0) SSID in beacon and ignore probe request for
# broadcast SSID
# 2 = clear SSID (ASCII 0), but keep the original length (this may be required
# with some clients that do not support empty SSID) and ignore probe
# requests for broadcast SSID
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0

# TX queue parameters (EDCF / bursting)
# default for all these fields: not set, use hardware defaults
# tx_queue_<queue name>_<param>
# queues: data0, data1, data2, data3, after_beacon, beacon
# (data0 is the highest priority queue)
# parameters:
# aifs: AIFS (default 2)
# cwmin: cwMin (1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 511, 1023)
# cwmax: cwMax (1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 511, 1023); cwMax >= cwMin
# burst: maximum length (in milliseconds with precision of up to 0.1 ms) for
# bursting
#
# Default WMM parameters (IEEE 802.11 draft; 11-03-0504-03-000e):
# These parameters are used by the access point when transmitting frames
# to the clients.
#
# Low priority / AC_BK = background
#tx_queue_data3_aifs=7
#tx_queue_data3_cwmin=15
#tx_queue_data3_cwmax=1023
#tx_queue_data3_burst=0
# Note: for IEEE 802.11b mode: cWmin=31 cWmax=1023 burst=0
#
# Normal priority / AC_BE = best effort
#tx_queue_data2_aifs=3
#tx_queue_data2_cwmin=15
#tx_queue_data2_cwmax=63
#tx_queue_data2_burst=0
# Note: for IEEE 802.11b mode: cWmin=31 cWmax=127 burst=0
#
# High priority / AC_VI = video
#tx_queue_data1_aifs=1
#tx_queue_data1_cwmin=7
#tx_queue_data1_cwmax=15
#tx_queue_data1_burst=3.0
# Note: for IEEE 802.11b mode: cWmin=15 cWmax=31 burst=6.0
#
# Highest priority / AC_VO = voice
#tx_queue_data0_aifs=1
#tx_queue_data0_cwmin=3
#tx_queue_data0_cwmax=7
#tx_queue_data0_burst=1.5
# Note: for IEEE 802.11b mode: cWmin=7 cWmax=15 burst=3.3

# 802.1D Tag (= UP) to AC mappings
# WMM specifies following mapping of data frames to different ACs. This mapping
# can be configured using Linux QoS/tc and sch_pktpri.o module.
# 802.1D Tag 802.1D Designation Access Category WMM Designation
# 1 BK AC_BK Background
# 2 – AC_BK Background
# 0 BE AC_BE Best Effort
# 3 EE AC_BE Best Effort
# 4 CL AC_VI Video
# 5 VI AC_VI Video
# 6 VO AC_VO Voice
# 7 NC AC_VO Voice
# Data frames with no priority information: AC_BE
# Management frames: AC_VO
# PS-Poll frames: AC_BE

# Default WMM parameters (IEEE 802.11 draft; 11-03-0504-03-000e):
# for 802.11a or 802.11g networks
# These parameters are sent to WMM clients when they associate.
# The parameters will be used by WMM clients for frames transmitted to the
# access point.
#
# note – txop_limit is in units of 32microseconds
# note – acm is admission control mandatory flag. 0 = admission control not
# required, 1 = mandatory
# note – here cwMin and cmMax are in exponent form. the actual cw value used
# will be (2^n)-1 where n is the value given here
#
wmm_enabled=1
#
# WMM-PS Unscheduled Automatic Power Save Delivery [U-APSD]
# Enable this flag if U-APSD supported outside hostapd (eg., Firmware/driver)
#uapsd_advertisement_enabled=1
#
# Low priority / AC_BK = background
wmm_ac_bk_cwmin=4
wmm_ac_bk_cwmax=10
wmm_ac_bk_aifs=7
wmm_ac_bk_txop_limit=0
wmm_ac_bk_acm=0
# Note: for IEEE 802.11b mode: cWmin=5 cWmax=10
#
# Normal priority / AC_BE = best effort
wmm_ac_be_aifs=3
wmm_ac_be_cwmin=4
wmm_ac_be_cwmax=10
wmm_ac_be_txop_limit=0
wmm_ac_be_acm=0
# Note: for IEEE 802.11b mode: cWmin=5 cWmax=7
#
# High priority / AC_VI = video
wmm_ac_vi_aifs=2
wmm_ac_vi_cwmin=3
wmm_ac_vi_cwmax=4
wmm_ac_vi_txop_limit=94
wmm_ac_vi_acm=0
# Note: for IEEE 802.11b mode: cWmin=4 cWmax=5 txop_limit=188
#
# Highest priority / AC_VO = voice
wmm_ac_vo_aifs=2
wmm_ac_vo_cwmin=2
wmm_ac_vo_cwmax=3
wmm_ac_vo_txop_limit=47
wmm_ac_vo_acm=0
# Note: for IEEE 802.11b mode: cWmin=3 cWmax=4 burst=102

# Static WEP key configuration
#
# The key number to use when transmitting.
# It must be between 0 and 3, and the corresponding key must be set.
# default: not set
#wep_default_key=0
# The WEP keys to use.
# A key may be a quoted string or unquoted hexadecimal digits.
# The key length should be 5, 13, or 16 characters, or 10, 26, or 32
# digits, depending on whether 40-bit (64-bit), 104-bit (128-bit), or
# 128-bit (152-bit) WEP is used.
# Only the default key must be supplied; the others are optional.
# default: not set
#wep_key0=123456789a
#wep_key1=”vwxyz”
#wep_key2=0102030405060708090a0b0c0d
#wep_key3=”.2.4.6.8.0.23″

# Station inactivity limit
#
# If a station does not send anything in ap_max_inactivity seconds, an
# empty data frame is sent to it in order to verify whether it is
# still in range. If this frame is not ACKed, the station will be
# disassociated and then deauthenticated. This feature is used to
# clear station table of old entries when the STAs move out of the
# range.
#
# The station can associate again with the AP if it is still in range;
# this inactivity poll is just used as a nicer way of verifying
# inactivity; i.e., client will not report broken connection because
# disassociation frame is not sent immediately without first polling
# the STA with a data frame.
# default: 300 (i.e., 5 minutes)
#ap_max_inactivity=300

# Disassociate stations based on excessive transmission failures or other
# indications of connection loss. This depends on the driver capabilities and
# may not be available with all drivers.
#disassoc_low_ack=1

# Maximum allowed Listen Interval (how many Beacon periods STAs are allowed to
# remain asleep). Default: 65535 (no limit apart from field size)
#max_listen_interval=100

# WDS (4-address frame) mode with per-station virtual interfaces
# (only supported with driver=nl80211)
# This mode allows associated stations to use 4-address frames to allow layer 2
# bridging to be used.
#wds_sta=1

# If bridge parameter is set, the WDS STA interface will be added to the same
# bridge by default. This can be overridden with the wds_bridge parameter to
# use a separate bridge.
#wds_bridge=wds-br0

# Client isolation can be used to prevent low-level bridging of frames between
# associated stations in the BSS. By default, this bridging is allowed.
#ap_isolate=1

##### IEEE 802.11n related configuration ######################################

# ieee80211n: Whether IEEE 802.11n (HT) is enabled
# 0 = disabled (default)
# 1 = enabled
# Note: You will also need to enable WMM for full HT functionality.
#ieee80211n=1

# ht_capab: HT capabilities (list of flags)
# LDPC coding capability: [LDPC] = supported
# Supported channel width set: [HT40-] = both 20 MHz and 40 MHz with secondary
# channel below the primary channel; [HT40+] = both 20 MHz and 40 MHz
# with secondary channel below the primary channel
# (20 MHz only if neither is set)
# Note: There are limits on which channels can be used with HT40- and
# HT40+. Following table shows the channels that may be available for
# HT40- and HT40+ use per IEEE 802.11n Annex J:
# freq HT40- HT40+
# 2.4 GHz 5-13 1-7 (1-9 in Europe/Japan)
# 5 GHz 40,48,56,64 36,44,52,60
# (depending on the location, not all of these channels may be available
# for use)
# Please note that 40 MHz channels may switch their primary and secondary
# channels if needed or creation of 40 MHz channel maybe rejected based
# on overlapping BSSes. These changes are done automatically when hostapd
# is setting up the 40 MHz channel.
# Spatial Multiplexing (SM) Power Save: [SMPS-STATIC] or [SMPS-DYNAMIC]
# (SMPS disabled if neither is set)
# HT-greenfield: [GF] (disabled if not set)
# Short GI for 20 MHz: [SHORT-GI-20] (disabled if not set)
# Short GI for 40 MHz: [SHORT-GI-40] (disabled if not set)
# Tx STBC: [TX-STBC] (disabled if not set)
# Rx STBC: [RX-STBC1] (one spatial stream), [RX-STBC12] (one or two spatial
# streams), or [RX-STBC123] (one, two, or three spatial streams); Rx STBC
# disabled if none of these set
# HT-delayed Block Ack: [DELAYED-BA] (disabled if not set)
# Maximum A-MSDU length: [MAX-AMSDU-7935] for 7935 octets (3839 octets if not
# set)
# DSSS/CCK Mode in 40 MHz: [DSSS_CCK-40] = allowed (not allowed if not set)
# PSMP support: [PSMP] (disabled if not set)
# L-SIG TXOP protection support: [LSIG-TXOP-PROT] (disabled if not set)
#ht_capab=[HT40-][SHORT-GI-20][SHORT-GI-40]

##### IEEE 802.1X-2004 related configuration ##################################

# Require IEEE 802.1X authorization
#ieee8021x=1

# IEEE 802.1X/EAPOL version
# hostapd is implemented based on IEEE Std 802.1X-2004 which defines EAPOL
# version 2. However, there are many client implementations that do not handle
# the new version number correctly (they seem to drop the frames completely).
# In order to make hostapd interoperate with these clients, the version number
# can be set to the older version (1) with this configuration value.
#eapol_version=2

# Optional displayable message sent with EAP Request-Identity. The first
# in this string will be converted to ASCII-0 (nul). This can be used to
# separate network info (comma separated list of attribute=value pairs); see,
# e.g., RFC 4284.
#eap_message=hello
#eap_message=hellonetworkid=netw,nasid=foo,portid=0,NAIRealms=example.com

# WEP rekeying (disabled if key lengths are not set or are set to 0)
# Key lengths for default/broadcast and individual/unicast keys:
# 5 = 40-bit WEP (also known as 64-bit WEP with 40 secret bits)
# 13 = 104-bit WEP (also known as 128-bit WEP with 104 secret bits)
#wep_key_len_broadcast=5
#wep_key_len_unicast=5
# Rekeying period in seconds. 0 = do not rekey (i.e., set keys only once)
#wep_rekey_period=300

# EAPOL-Key index workaround (set bit7) for WinXP Supplicant (needed only if
# only broadcast keys are used)
eapol_key_index_workaround=0

# EAP reauthentication period in seconds (default: 3600 seconds; 0 = disable
# reauthentication).
#eap_reauth_period=3600

# Use PAE group address (01:80:c2:00:00:03) instead of individual target
# address when sending EAPOL frames with driver=wired. This is the most common
# mechanism used in wired authentication, but it also requires that the port
# is only used by one station.
#use_pae_group_addr=1

##### Integrated EAP server ###################################################

# Optionally, hostapd can be configured to use an integrated EAP server
# to process EAP authentication locally without need for an external RADIUS
# server. This functionality can be used both as a local authentication server
# for IEEE 802.1X/EAPOL and as a RADIUS server for other devices.

# Use integrated EAP server instead of external RADIUS authentication
# server. This is also needed if hostapd is configured to act as a RADIUS
# authentication server.
eap_server=0

# Path for EAP server user database
#eap_user_file=/etc/hostapd.eap_user

# CA certificate (PEM or DER file) for EAP-TLS/PEAP/TTLS
#ca_cert=/etc/hostapd.ca.pem

# Server certificate (PEM or DER file) for EAP-TLS/PEAP/TTLS
#server_cert=/etc/hostapd.server.pem

# Private key matching with the server certificate for EAP-TLS/PEAP/TTLS
# This may point to the same file as server_cert if both certificate and key
# are included in a single file. PKCS#12 (PFX) file (.p12/.pfx) can also be
# used by commenting out server_cert and specifying the PFX file as the
# private_key.
#private_key=/etc/hostapd.server.prv

# Passphrase for private key
#private_key_passwd=secret passphrase

# Enable CRL verification.
# Note: hostapd does not yet support CRL downloading based on CDP. Thus, a
# valid CRL signed by the CA is required to be included in the ca_cert file.
# This can be done by using PEM format for CA certificate and CRL and
# concatenating these into one file. Whenever CRL changes, hostapd needs to be
# restarted to take the new CRL into use.
# 0 = do not verify CRLs (default)
# 1 = check the CRL of the user certificate
# 2 = check all CRLs in the certificate path
#check_crl=1

# dh_file: File path to DH/DSA parameters file (in PEM format)
# This is an optional configuration file for setting parameters for an
# ephemeral DH key exchange. In most cases, the default RSA authentication does
# not use this configuration. However, it is possible setup RSA to use
# ephemeral DH key exchange. In addition, ciphers with DSA keys always use
# ephemeral DH keys. This can be used to achieve forward secrecy. If the file
# is in DSA parameters format, it will be automatically converted into DH
# params. This parameter is required if anonymous EAP-FAST is used.
# You can generate DH parameters file with OpenSSL, e.g.,
# “openssl dhparam -out /etc/hostapd.dh.pem 1024″
#dh_file=/etc/hostapd.dh.pem

# Fragment size for EAP methods
#fragment_size=1400

# Configuration data for EAP-SIM database/authentication gateway interface.
# This is a text string in implementation specific format. The example
# implementation in eap_sim_db.c uses this as the UNIX domain socket name for
# the HLR/AuC gateway (e.g., hlr_auc_gw). In this case, the path uses “unix:”
# prefix.
#eap_sim_db=unix:/tmp/hlr_auc_gw.sock

# Encryption key for EAP-FAST PAC-Opaque values. This key must be a secret,
# random value. It is configured as a 16-octet value in hex format. It can be
# generated, e.g., with the following command:
# od -tx1 -v -N16 /dev/random | colrm 1 8 | tr -d ‘ ‘
#pac_opaque_encr_key=000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f

# EAP-FAST authority identity (A-ID)
# A-ID indicates the identity of the authority that issues PACs. The A-ID
# should be unique across all issuing servers. In theory, this is a variable
# length field, but due to some existing implementations requiring A-ID to be
# 16 octets in length, it is strongly recommended to use that length for the
# field to provid interoperability with deployed peer implementations. This
# field is configured in hex format.
#eap_fast_a_id=101112131415161718191a1b1c1d1e1f

# EAP-FAST authority identifier information (A-ID-Info)
# This is a user-friendly name for the A-ID. For example, the enterprise name
# and server name in a human-readable format. This field is encoded as UTF-8.
#eap_fast_a_id_info=test server

# Enable/disable different EAP-FAST provisioning modes:
#0 = provisioning disabled
#1 = only anonymous provisioning allowed
#2 = only authenticated provisioning allowed
#3 = both provisioning modes allowed (default)
#eap_fast_prov=3

# EAP-FAST PAC-Key lifetime in seconds (hard limit)
#pac_key_lifetime=604800

# EAP-FAST PAC-Key refresh time in seconds (soft limit on remaining hard
# limit). The server will generate a new PAC-Key when this number of seconds
# (or fewer) of the lifetime remains.
#pac_key_refresh_time=86400

# EAP-SIM and EAP-AKA protected success/failure indication using AT_RESULT_IND
# (default: 0 = disabled).
#eap_sim_aka_result_ind=1

# Trusted Network Connect (TNC)
# If enabled, TNC validation will be required before the peer is allowed to
# connect. Note: This is only used with EAP-TTLS and EAP-FAST. If any other
# EAP method is enabled, the peer will be allowed to connect without TNC.
#tnc=1

##### IEEE 802.11f – Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) #######################

# Interface to be used for IAPP broadcast packets
#iapp_interface=eth0

##### RADIUS client configuration #############################################
# for IEEE 802.1X with external Authentication Server, IEEE 802.11
# authentication with external ACL for MAC addresses, and accounting

# The own IP address of the access point (used as NAS-IP-Address)
own_ip_addr=127.0.0.1

# Optional NAS-Identifier string for RADIUS messages. When used, this should be
# a unique to the NAS within the scope of the RADIUS server. For example, a
# fully qualified domain name can be used here.
# When using IEEE 802.11r, nas_identifier must be set and must be between 1 and
# 48 octets long.
#nas_identifier=ap.example.com

# RADIUS authentication server
#auth_server_addr=127.0.0.1
#auth_server_port=1812
#auth_server_shared_secret=secret

# RADIUS accounting server
#acct_server_addr=127.0.0.1
#acct_server_port=1813
#acct_server_shared_secret=secret

# Secondary RADIUS servers; to be used if primary one does not reply to
# RADIUS packets. These are optional and there can be more than one secondary
# server listed.
#auth_server_addr=127.0.0.2
#auth_server_port=1812
#auth_server_shared_secret=secret2
#
#acct_server_addr=127.0.0.2
#acct_server_port=1813
#acct_server_shared_secret=secret2

# Retry interval for trying to return to the primary RADIUS server (in
# seconds). RADIUS client code will automatically try to use the next server
# when the current server is not replying to requests. If this interval is set,
# primary server will be retried after configured amount of time even if the
# currently used secondary server is still working.
#radius_retry_primary_interval=600

# Interim accounting update interval
# If this is set (larger than 0) and acct_server is configured, hostapd will
# send interim accounting updates every N seconds. Note: if set, this overrides
# possible Acct-Interim-Interval attribute in Access-Accept message. Thus, this
# value should not be configured in hostapd.conf, if RADIUS server is used to
# control the interim interval.
# This value should not be less 600 (10 minutes) and must not be less than
# 60 (1 minute).
#radius_acct_interim_interval=600

# Dynamic VLAN mode; allow RADIUS authentication server to decide which VLAN
# is used for the stations. This information is parsed from following RADIUS
# attributes based on RFC 3580 and RFC 2868: Tunnel-Type (value 13 = VLAN),
# Tunnel-Medium-Type (value 6 = IEEE 802), Tunnel-Private-Group-ID (value
# VLANID as a string). vlan_file option below must be configured if dynamic
# VLANs are used. Optionally, the local MAC ACL list (accept_mac_file) can be
# used to set static client MAC address to VLAN ID mapping.
# 0 = disabled (default)
# 1 = option; use default interface if RADIUS server does not include VLAN ID
# 2 = required; reject authentication if RADIUS server does not include VLAN ID
#dynamic_vlan=0

# VLAN interface list for dynamic VLAN mode is read from a separate text file.
# This list is used to map VLAN ID from the RADIUS server to a network
# interface. Each station is bound to one interface in the same way as with
# multiple BSSIDs or SSIDs. Each line in this text file is defining a new
# interface and the line must include VLAN ID and interface name separated by
# white space (space or tab).
#vlan_file=/etc/hostapd.vlan

# Interface where 802.1q tagged packets should appear when a RADIUS server is
# used to determine which VLAN a station is on. hostapd creates a bridge for
# each VLAN. Then hostapd adds a VLAN interface (associated with the interface
# indicated by ‘vlan_tagged_interface’) and the appropriate wireless interface
# to the bridge.
#vlan_tagged_interface=eth0

##### RADIUS authentication server configuration ##############################

# hostapd can be used as a RADIUS authentication server for other hosts. This
# requires that the integrated EAP server is also enabled and both
# authentication services are sharing the same configuration.

# File name of the RADIUS clients configuration for the RADIUS server. If this
# commented out, RADIUS server is disabled.
#radius_server_clients=/etc/hostapd.radius_clients

# The UDP port number for the RADIUS authentication server
#radius_server_auth_port=1812

# Use IPv6 with RADIUS server (IPv4 will also be supported using IPv6 API)
#radius_server_ipv6=1

##### WPA/IEEE 802.11i configuration ##########################################

# Enable WPA. Setting this variable configures the AP to require WPA (either
# WPA-PSK or WPA-RADIUS/EAP based on other configuration). For WPA-PSK, either
# wpa_psk or wpa_passphrase must be set and wpa_key_mgmt must include WPA-PSK.
# For WPA-RADIUS/EAP, ieee8021x must be set (but without dynamic WEP keys),
# RADIUS authentication server must be configured, and WPA-EAP must be included
# in wpa_key_mgmt.
# This field is a bit field that can be used to enable WPA (IEEE 802.11i/D3.0)
# and/or WPA2 (full IEEE 802.11i/RSN):
# bit0 = WPA
# bit1 = IEEE 802.11i/RSN (WPA2) (dot11RSNAEnabled)
#wpa=1

# WPA pre-shared keys for WPA-PSK. This can be either entered as a 256-bit
# secret in hex format (64 hex digits), wpa_psk, or as an ASCII passphrase
# (8..63 characters) that will be converted to PSK. This conversion uses SSID
# so the PSK changes when ASCII passphrase is used and the SSID is changed.
# wpa_psk (dot11RSNAConfigPSKValue)
# wpa_passphrase (dot11RSNAConfigPSKPassPhrase)
#wpa_psk=0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef
#wpa_passphrase=secret passphrase

# Optionally, WPA PSKs can be read from a separate text file (containing list
# of (PSK,MAC address) pairs. This allows more than one PSK to be configured.
# Use absolute path name to make sure that the files can be read on SIGHUP
# configuration reloads.
#wpa_psk_file=/etc/hostapd.wpa_psk

# Set of accepted key management algorithms (WPA-PSK, WPA-EAP, or both). The
# entries are separated with a space. WPA-PSK-SHA256 and WPA-EAP-SHA256 can be
# added to enable SHA256-based stronger algorithms.
# (dot11RSNAConfigAuthenticationSuitesTable)
#wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK WPA-EAP

# Set of accepted cipher suites (encryption algorithms) for pairwise keys
# (unicast packets). This is a space separated list of algorithms:
# CCMP = AES in Counter mode with CBC-MAC [RFC 3610, IEEE 802.11i/D7.0]
# TKIP = Temporal Key Integrity Protocol [IEEE 802.11i/D7.0]
# Group cipher suite (encryption algorithm for broadcast and multicast frames)
# is automatically selected based on this configuration. If only CCMP is
# allowed as the pairwise cipher, group cipher will also be CCMP. Otherwise,
# TKIP will be used as the group cipher.
# (dot11RSNAConfigPairwiseCiphersTable)
# Pairwise cipher for WPA (v1) (default: TKIP)
#wpa_pairwise=TKIP CCMP
# Pairwise cipher for RSN/WPA2 (default: use wpa_pairwise value)
#rsn_pairwise=CCMP

# Time interval for rekeying GTK (broadcast/multicast encryption keys) in
# seconds. (dot11RSNAConfigGroupRekeyTime)
#wpa_group_rekey=600

# Rekey GTK when any STA that possesses the current GTK is leaving the BSS.
# (dot11RSNAConfigGroupRekeyStrict)
#wpa_strict_rekey=1

# Time interval for rekeying GMK (master key used internally to generate GTKs
# (in seconds).
#wpa_gmk_rekey=86400

# Maximum lifetime for PTK in seconds. This can be used to enforce rekeying of
# PTK to mitigate some attacks against TKIP deficiencies.
#wpa_ptk_rekey=600

# Enable IEEE 802.11i/RSN/WPA2 pre-authentication. This is used to speed up
# roaming be pre-authenticating IEEE 802.1X/EAP part of the full RSN
# authentication and key handshake before actually associating with a new AP.
# (dot11RSNAPreauthenticationEnabled)
#rsn_preauth=1
#
# Space separated list of interfaces from which pre-authentication frames are
# accepted (e.g., ‘eth0′ or ‘eth0 wlan0wds0′. This list should include all
# interface that are used for connections to other APs. This could include
# wired interfaces and WDS links. The normal wireless data interface towards
# associated stations (e.g., wlan0) should not be added, since
# pre-authentication is only used with APs other than the currently associated
# one.
#rsn_preauth_interfaces=eth0

# peerkey: Whether PeerKey negotiation for direct links (IEEE 802.11e) is
# allowed. This is only used with RSN/WPA2.
# 0 = disabled (default)
# 1 = enabled
#peerkey=1

# ieee80211w: Whether management frame protection (MFP) is enabled
# 0 = disabled (default)
# 1 = optional
# 2 = required
#ieee80211w=0

# Association SA Query maximum timeout (in TU = 1.024 ms; for MFP)
# (maximum time to wait for a SA Query response)
# dot11AssociationSAQueryMaximumTimeout, 1…4294967295
#assoc_sa_query_max_timeout=1000

# Association SA Query retry timeout (in TU = 1.024 ms; for MFP)
# (time between two subsequent SA Query requests)
# dot11AssociationSAQueryRetryTimeout, 1…4294967295
#assoc_sa_query_retry_timeout=201

# okc: Opportunistic Key Caching (aka Proactive Key Caching)
# Allow PMK cache to be shared opportunistically among configured interfaces
# and BSSes (i.e., all configurations within a single hostapd process).
# 0 = disabled (default)
# 1 = enabled
#okc=1

##### IEEE 802.11r configuration ##############################################

# Mobility Domain identifier (dot11FTMobilityDomainID, MDID)
# MDID is used to indicate a group of APs (within an ESS, i.e., sharing the
# same SSID) between which a STA can use Fast BSS Transition.
# 2-octet identifier as a hex string.
#mobility_domain=a1b2

# PMK-R0 Key Holder identifier (dot11FTR0KeyHolderID)
# 1 to 48 octet identifier.
# This is configured with nas_identifier (see RADIUS client section above).

# Default lifetime of the PMK-RO in minutes; range 1..65535
# (dot11FTR0KeyLifetime)
#r0_key_lifetime=10000

# PMK-R1 Key Holder identifier (dot11FTR1KeyHolderID)
# 6-octet identifier as a hex string.
#r1_key_holder=000102030405

# Reassociation deadline in time units (TUs / 1.024 ms; range 1000..65535)
# (dot11FTReassociationDeadline)
#reassociation_deadline=1000

# List of R0KHs in the same Mobility Domain
# format: <MAC address> <NAS Identifier> <128-bit key as hex string>
# This list is used to map R0KH-ID (NAS Identifier) to a destination MAC
# address when requesting PMK-R1 key from the R0KH that the STA used during the
# Initial Mobility Domain Association.
#r0kh=02:01:02:03:04:05 r0kh-1.example.com 000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f
#r0kh=02:01:02:03:04:06 r0kh-2.example.com 00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff
# And so on.. One line per R0KH.

# List of R1KHs in the same Mobility Domain
# format: <MAC address> <R1KH-ID> <128-bit key as hex string>
# This list is used to map R1KH-ID to a destination MAC address when sending
# PMK-R1 key from the R0KH. This is also the list of authorized R1KHs in the MD
# that can request PMK-R1 keys.
#r1kh=02:01:02:03:04:05 02:11:22:33:44:55 000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f
#r1kh=02:01:02:03:04:06 02:11:22:33:44:66 00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff
# And so on.. One line per R1KH.

# Whether PMK-R1 push is enabled at R0KH
# 0 = do not push PMK-R1 to all configured R1KHs (default)
# 1 = push PMK-R1 to all configured R1KHs whenever a new PMK-R0 is derived
#pmk_r1_push=1

##### Neighbor table ##########################################################
# Maximum number of entries kept in AP table (either for neigbor table or for
# detecting Overlapping Legacy BSS Condition). The oldest entry will be
# removed when adding a new entry that would make the list grow over this
# limit. Note! WFA certification for IEEE 802.11g requires that OLBC is
# enabled, so this field should not be set to 0 when using IEEE 802.11g.
# default: 255
#ap_table_max_size=255

# Number of seconds of no frames received after which entries may be deleted
# from the AP table. Since passive scanning is not usually performed frequently
# this should not be set to very small value. In addition, there is no
# guarantee that every scan cycle will receive beacon frames from the
# neighboring APs.
# default: 60
#ap_table_expiration_time=3600

##### Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) #############################################

# WPS state
# 0 = WPS disabled (default)
# 1 = WPS enabled, not configured
# 2 = WPS enabled, configured
#wps_state=2

# AP can be configured into a locked state where new WPS Registrar are not
# accepted, but previously authorized Registrars (including the internal one)
# can continue to add new Enrollees.
#ap_setup_locked=1

# Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID; see RFC 4122) of the device
# This value is used as the UUID for the internal WPS Registrar. If the AP
# is also using UPnP, this value should be set to the device’s UPnP UUID.
# If not configured, UUID will be generated based on the local MAC address.
#uuid=12345678-9abc-def0-1234-56789abcdef0

# Note: If wpa_psk_file is set, WPS is used to generate random, per-device PSKs
# that will be appended to the wpa_psk_file. If wpa_psk_file is not set, the
# default PSK (wpa_psk/wpa_passphrase) will be delivered to Enrollees. Use of
# per-device PSKs is recommended as the more secure option (i.e., make sure to
# set wpa_psk_file when using WPS with WPA-PSK).

# When an Enrollee requests access to the network with PIN method, the Enrollee
# PIN will need to be entered for the Registrar. PIN request notifications are
# sent to hostapd ctrl_iface monitor. In addition, they can be written to a
# text file that could be used, e.g., to populate the AP administration UI with
# pending PIN requests. If the following variable is set, the PIN requests will
# be written to the configured file.
#wps_pin_requests=/var/run/hostapd_wps_pin_requests

# Device Name
# User-friendly description of device; up to 32 octets encoded in UTF-8
#device_name=Wireless AP

# Manufacturer
# The manufacturer of the device (up to 64 ASCII characters)
#manufacturer=Company

# Model Name
# Model of the device (up to 32 ASCII characters)
#model_name=WAP

# Model Number
# Additional device description (up to 32 ASCII characters)
#model_number=123

# Serial Number
# Serial number of the device (up to 32 characters)
#serial_number=12345

# Primary Device Type
# Used format: <categ>-<OUI>-<subcateg>
# categ = Category as an integer value
# OUI = OUI and type octet as a 4-octet hex-encoded value; 0050F204 for
# default WPS OUI
# subcateg = OUI-specific Sub Category as an integer value
# Examples:
# 1-0050F204-1 (Computer / PC)
# 1-0050F204-2 (Computer / Server)
# 5-0050F204-1 (Storage / NAS)
# 6-0050F204-1 (Network Infrastructure / AP)
#device_type=6-0050F204-1

# OS Version
# 4-octet operating system version number (hex string)
#os_version=01020300

# Config Methods
# List of the supported configuration methods
# Available methods: usba ethernet label display ext_nfc_token int_nfc_token
# nfc_interface push_button keypad virtual_display physical_display
# virtual_push_button physical_push_button
#config_methods=label virtual_display virtual_push_button keypad

# Static access point PIN for initial configuration and adding Registrars
# If not set, hostapd will not allow external WPS Registrars to control the
# access point. The AP PIN can also be set at runtime with hostapd_cli
# wps_ap_pin command. Use of temporary (enabled by user action) and random
# AP PIN is much more secure than configuring a static AP PIN here. As such,
# use of the ap_pin parameter is not recommended if the AP device has means for
# displaying a random PIN.
#ap_pin=12345670

# Skip building of automatic WPS credential
# This can be used to allow the automatically generated Credential attribute to
# be replaced with pre-configured Credential(s).
#skip_cred_build=1

# Additional Credential attribute(s)
# This option can be used to add pre-configured Credential attributes into M8
# message when acting as a Registrar. If skip_cred_build=1, this data will also
# be able to override the Credential attribute that would have otherwise been
# automatically generated based on network configuration. This configuration
# option points to an external file that much contain the WPS Credential
# attribute(s) as binary data.
#extra_cred=hostapd.cred

# Credential processing
# 0 = process received credentials internally (default)
# 1 = do not process received credentials; just pass them over ctrl_iface to
# external program(s)
# 2 = process received credentials internally and pass them over ctrl_iface
# to external program(s)
# Note: With wps_cred_processing=1, skip_cred_build should be set to 1 and
# extra_cred be used to provide the Credential data for Enrollees.
#
# wps_cred_processing=1 will disabled automatic updates of hostapd.conf file
# both for Credential processing and for marking AP Setup Locked based on
# validation failures of AP PIN. An external program is responsible on updating
# the configuration appropriately in this case.
#wps_cred_processing=0

# AP Settings Attributes for M7
# By default, hostapd generates the AP Settings Attributes for M7 based on the
# current configuration. It is possible to override this by providing a file
# with pre-configured attributes. This is similar to extra_cred file format,
# but the AP Settings attributes are not encapsulated in a Credential
# attribute.
#ap_settings=hostapd.ap_settings

# WPS UPnP interface
# If set, support for external Registrars is enabled.
#upnp_iface=br0

# Friendly Name (required for UPnP)
# Short description for end use. Should be less than 64 characters.
#friendly_name=WPS Access Point

# Manufacturer URL (optional for UPnP)
#manufacturer_url=http://www.example.com/

# Model Description (recommended for UPnP)
# Long description for end user. Should be less than 128 characters.
#model_description=Wireless Access Point

# Model URL (optional for UPnP)
#model_url=http://www.example.com/model/

# Universal Product Code (optional for UPnP)
# 12-digit, all-numeric code that identifies the consumer package.
#upc=123456789012

##### Wi-Fi Direct (P2P) ######################################################

# Enable P2P Device management
#manage_p2p=1

# Allow cross connection
#allow_cross_connection=1

##### Multiple BSSID support ##################################################
#
# Above configuration is using the default interface (wlan#, or multi-SSID VLAN
# interfaces). Other BSSIDs can be added by using separator ‘bss’ with
# default interface name to be allocated for the data packets of the new BSS.
#
# hostapd will generate BSSID mask based on the BSSIDs that are
# configured. hostapd will verify that dev_addr & MASK == dev_addr. If this is
# not the case, the MAC address of the radio must be changed before starting
# hostapd (ifconfig wlan0 hw ether <MAC addr>). If a BSSID is configured for
# every secondary BSS, this limitation is not applied at hostapd and other
# masks may be used if the driver supports them (e.g., swap the locally
# administered bit)
#
# BSSIDs are assigned in order to each BSS, unless an explicit BSSID is
# specified using the ‘bssid’ parameter.
# If an explicit BSSID is specified, it must be chosen such that it:
# – results in a valid MASK that covers it and the dev_addr
# – is not the same as the MAC address of the radio
# – is not the same as any other explicitly specified BSSID
#
# Please note that hostapd uses some of the values configured for the first BSS
# as the defaults for the following BSSes. However, it is recommended that all
# BSSes include explicit configuration of all relevant configuration items.
#
#bss=wlan0_0
#ssid=test2
# most of the above items can be used here (apart from radio interface specific
# items, like channel)

#bss=wlan0_1
#bssid=00:13:10:95:fe:0b
# …
# ================================

• sudo apt-get install dnsmasq
• sudo gedit /etc/dnsmasq.conf

Masukkan script dibawah ini

# ================================
interface=wlan0
dhcp-range=net:wlan0,192.168.0.100,192.168.0.150,255.255.255.0,1440m
dhcp-option=wlan0,3,192.168.0.1
dhcp-option=wlan0,6,208.67.222.222,208.67.220.220
# ================================

• sudo apt-get install chkconfig

Untuk memperlihatkan proses:

• sudo chkconfig –list | grep dnsmasq

Untuk membunuh dnsmasq di semua level

• sudo chkconfig dnsmasq off

Membuat aplikasi untuk mempermudah pengaturan

• sudo gedit /usr/bin/ap_ctl

# ================================
#!/bin/bash

# broadcasting interface
BROADCAST=”wlan0″

# receiving interface broadcast is connected to
RECEIVE=”eth0″

if [[ $1 == "-0" || $1 == "--start" ]]
then
## start hostapd
echo “Starting hostapd”
echo ” You can view the log at /var/log/hostapd.log“

# launch hostapd daemon
hostapd -d /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf > /var/log/hostapd.log &

## start dhcp server
echo “Starting dnsmasq”

# set IP address
ifconfig $BROADCAST 192.168.0.1
sleep 2

# launch dhcpd3 daemon
# echo “INTERFACES=$BROADCAST” > /etc/default/dhcp
# dhcpd3 $BROADCAST &
dnsmasq

elif [[ $1 == "-1" || $1 == "--stop" ]]
then
# send signal 2 to hostapd and dhcpd3
killall -2 hostapd dnsmasq

elif [[ $1 == "-2" || $1 == "--ics" ]]
then
# create iptables rules
iptables -A FORWARD -i $RECEIVE -o $BROADCAST -s 192.168.0.1/24 -m conntrack –ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack –ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE

# set kernel variable(s)
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/forwarding

# edit kernel configuration
cp /etc/sysctl.conf/etc/sysctl.conf.ap_ctl
echo “net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1″ >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo “net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1″ >> /etc/sysctl.conf

# restart networking
/etc/init.d/networking restart

elif [[ $1 == "-3" || $1 == "--noics" ]]
then
# remove iptables rules
iptables -D FORWARD 1
iptables -D FORWARD 1

# set kernel variable(s)
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/forwarding

# revert kernel configuration
mv -i /etc/sysctl.conf.ap_ctl/etc/sysctl.conf

# restart networking
/etc/init.d/networking restart

else
echo $0
echo “A tool to manage hostapd and dhcpd3″
echo “Usage:”
echo ” -0 –start Start hostapd and dhcpd3″
echo ” -1 –stop Stop hostapd and dhcpd3 with signal 2″
echo ” -2 –ics Activate internet connection sharing”
echo ” between specified interfaces”
echo ” -3 –noics Undo internet connection sharing settings”
fi

exit 0

# ================================

• sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/ap_ctl

Untuk menghidupkan AP

• sudo ap_ctl –start
• sudo ap_ctl –ics

Untuk menyetop AP

• sudo ap_ctl –stop

Sumber:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1663788

Hari ini hari berkabung untuk Indonesia.